Mock 10
- Picture for Ocular toxoplasmosis (station-4)
- Picture for Telephone - Wrong XRays (station-3)
- Picture for Leg cellulitis (station-9)
- Mannikin and stethoscope for abdominal examination - Bloated abdomen (station-7)
- Arm + blood bottles + needles with cups (U-shaped) for blood sampling (station-16)
5. Developmental Milestones - Teaching
Paediatric Developmental Milestones
Age |
Gross motor |
Fine motor |
Language |
Social |
6 weeks | Good head control | Fixes and follows face | Still in response to sound | Smiles |
3 Months | Neck holding | Hands open half the time | Startle at loud noises, cooing | Recognises mother |
6 months | Rolls over in both directions (supine to prone and prone to supine) | Transfers hand to hand | Monosyllabic (mostly babbles) |
Knows familiar faces
Likes to play with others, especially parents
|
9 months | Crawling, sit without support, pulls to stand | Pincer grasp | Bisyllabic ("mama", "bye bye") | Stranger fear, holds/bites food |
1 year | Walks independantly (a few steps) | Stacks 2 blocks, throws objects | Two words with meaning | Wave, clapping |
2 years | Running, up and down steps holding on, kicks a ball | Stacks 4 blocks, makes or copies straight line | simple sentences (with 2 or 4 words) | Copies others |
3 years | Tricycle, walks up and downstairs, one foot on each step | Stacks 8 blocks, makes or copies circles | Can tell name, age, gender | Dresses and undresses self |
4 years | Hops, jumps, walks | Stacks 12 blocks | Tell stories, poems | Cooperates with other children |
5 years | Skips (both legs above ground) | Can draw a person with atleast 6 body parts, copies a triangle and other geometric shapes | Understands complex instructions | Wants to please friends |
Gross Motor Skills
- 3 months - Neck - Holds neck
- 6 months - Body - Rolls both directions
- 9 months - Knees - Crawling
- 12 months - Feet - Walks
Fine motor skills
- At 2 years - Draws a line
- At 3 years - Draws a circle
- At 4 years - Draws a cross and square
- At 5 years - Draws a triangle
- At 6 years - Draws a diamond
Referral for paediatric assessment
Following are certain negative indicators (things a child cannot do) by certain age that you should recognise and refer for paediatric assessment
- At 5 months of age - Unable to hold objects placed in hand
- At 6 months of age - Unable to reach for objects
- At 12 months of age - Unable to sit unsupported
- At 18 months of age - Unable to walk
- At 18 months of age - No speech
- At 15 months onward - If unable to speak monosyllabic words and difficulty understanding speech, arrange hearing test
- At 2.5 years of age - Unable to run
Teaching Plan: Developmental Milestones for Medical Students
Objective: Equip Rose Muller with a thorough understanding of developmental milestones across different domains (physical, cognitive, language, social/emotional) from birth to five years, including strategies to evaluate and communicate these milestones during clinical assessments.
Preparation:
- Gather educational materials such as charts, videos, and pediatric textbooks that visually represent developmental milestones.
- Prepare clinical case studies or vignettes that highlight typical and atypical development.
Teaching Session Structure:
Introduction to Developmental Milestones:
- Explain the importance of understanding developmental milestones in medical practice, especially for pediatricians, family doctors, and specialists in child development.
- Discuss the role of milestones in screening for developmental disorders and guiding parental education.
Overview of Developmental Domains:
- Break down the milestones into four main domains:
- Physical (Gross and Fine Motor Skills): Include milestones like sitting, walking, drawing, and dressing.
- Cognitive (Problem-Solving, Learning): Cover abilities such as object permanence, cause-and-effect relationships, and explorative behavior.
- Language (Communication Skills): Discuss milestones related to cooing, babbling, first words, and sentence formation.
- Social/Emotional (Interaction with Others): Describe social smiling, recognizing parents, cooperative play, and expressing a range of emotions.
- Break down the milestones into four main domains:
Age-Specific Milestones:
- Use a timeline or chart to detail typical developmental milestones at key ages: newborn, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years.
- Emphasize the variability in normal development and the concept of the "developmental range."
Case Studies and Role-Playing:
- Introduce clinical vignettes that present children at various developmental stages. Ask Rose to identify if the child is meeting appropriate milestones for their age.
- Include scenarios where children exhibit signs of developmental delays or disorders, discussing potential red flags and the importance of early intervention.
Assessment Techniques:
- Teach techniques for assessing developmental milestones during clinical examinations, including observation, parent interviews, and standardized tools like the Denver II.
- Discuss how to communicate findings to parents/caregivers, including sensitive delivery of concerns about developmental delays.
Discussion and Q&A:
- Allow Rose to ask questions or express concerns about developmental assessment.
- Discuss how cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental factors can influence development.
Further Resources and Learning:
- Provide Rose with additional resources such as online courses, textbooks, and articles focused on pediatric development.
- Recommend joining pediatric rounds, workshops, or seminars that focus on child development.
Closing:
- Summarize the key points covered and reinforce the importance of continual learning and observation in practice.
- Encourage Rose to practice these skills in clinical settings under supervision and to utilize resources for ongoing education.
Important Points to Keep in Mind:
- Use engaging teaching methods including visuals, interactive discussions, and hands-on practice to enhance understanding.
- Stress the importance of holistic assessment, considering the child’s environment and overall health in addition to specific milestones.
- Encourage critical thinking and the application of knowledge through case-based learning.
By structuring the session in this way, you ensure that Rose Muller gains a solid foundation in understanding and applying knowledge of developmental milestones, crucial for any medical professional working with children.