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Case 3: Diabetic Retinopathy ManagementOptimize Optimize glycemic control (target HbA1c < 7%)Manage Manage associated risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia)Refer Refer to ophthalmologist for detailed fundus examination and possible fluorescein angiographyConsider Consider focal/grid laser photocoagulation for macular edemaEducate Educate patient on importance of regular eye exams (annually or more frequently if needed)Encourage Encourage smoking cessation if applicableInitiate or adjust Initiate or adjust medications as needed (e.g., ACE inhibitors for renal protection)
