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Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: AnswersApproach:%u2022 Detailed history (PALM-COEIN mnemonic)%u2022 Physical examination including pelvic exam%u2022 Assess for anemia symptomsInvestigations:%u2022 Full blood count%u2022 Ferritin levels%u2022 Thyroid function tests%u2022 Transvaginal ultrasound%u2022 Endometrial biopsy if indicatedManagement options:%u2022 Medical: Hormonal (OCPs, progestins, LNG-IUD) or Non-hormonal (Tranexamic acid, NSAIDs)%u2022 Surgical: Endometrial ablation, myomectomy, or hysterectomy (depending on cause and fertility desires)Explanation:%u2022 The PALM-COEIN classification helps systematically evaluate causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Management depends on the underlying cause and the patient's preferences.