Page 92 - Demo

Case Study 1: Upper GI BleedingScenario:%u2022A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with vomiting of bright red blood and passing black, tarry stools. He has a history of heavy alcohol use and complains of epigastric pain.Clincher:%u2022 This patient is likely experiencing an upper GI bleed, possibly due to esophageal varices or a peptic ulcer.Rationale:%u2022Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and melena (black, tarry stools) are characteristic of upper GI bleeding%u2022History of heavy alcohol use increases the risk of esophageal varices and peptic ulcers%u2022Epigastric pain is common in peptic ulcer diseaseManagement:%u2022ABC assessment, IV access, fluid resuscitation, blood tests, and urgent upper endoscopy.